Tooth Decay
Tooth decay or cavities is the most common cause of toothache, often brought by oral bacteria, sugary snacks and beverages, and poor dental hygiene. Allowing plaque to accumulate on the teeth increases the risk of dental issues, including cavities, gum disease, and abscesses. It forms when bacteria feed on sugars and starches that have not been removed by brushing and flossing. Plaque not removed from teeth may solidify into tartar, which can form below or above the gum line. It produces acids that dissolve minerals from the tooth’s strong outer enamel.
Damage to the enamel, the protective layer of teeth, is the first sign of a cavity and may be caused by acid erosion. The dentin, the tooth layer underneath the enamel, is vulnerable after germs and acid have worn away the enamel. Compared to enamel, this coating is more easily damaged and has a lower acid resistance. Sensitivity in teeth is caused by the dentin’s small tubes that connect to the tooth’s nerve.
When tooth decay progresses, bacteria and acid go deeper into the tooth, eventually reaching the pulp, which houses the tooth’s nerves and blood vessels. Because of the bacteria, the pulp swells and becomes inflamed, where the pain can radiate from the bone around the tooth.
