Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)
Human immunodeficiency virus is another blood-borne virus that may cause rapid weight loss. It is typically transmitted via sexual intercourse and the parenteral route or sharing of needles. No physical findings are specific to HIV infection, but some manifestations include flu-like illness, fever, generalized rash, malaise, and lymphadenopathy. In addition, it may progress to HIV wasting syndrome characterized by chronic diarrhea and rapid weight loss with no identifiable cause.
Those left untreated are susceptible to opportunistic infections, which puts the body at risk since it no longer has a strong immunity to fight off said infections. This may further lead to anorexia and wasting. Fortunately, treatment options are available, and highly active antiretroviral therapy remains the principal method for preventing immune deterioration. Successful treatment leads to viral suppression and improvement in the immune response.
As mentioned, HIV-associated diarrhea may further lead to weight loss. In those undergoing antiretroviral therapy, there is an approved medication to relieve diarrhea. However, it is still vital to rule out other possible causes of diarrhea before starting medications to ensure effectiveness and safety.
