Malignancy
Cancer is a disease characterized by the development of abnormal cells that divide uncontrollably and can infiltrate normal cells and body tissues. It may occur in the different organ systems of the body and usually presents with a palpable mass. Depending on the organ system involved, the following symptoms may be noted – fatigue, skin changes, alterations in bowel or bladder habits, persistent and unexplained fevers or night sweats, unintentional and rapid weight loss, persistent cough and difficulty breathing, and unexplained bleeding or bruising.
In the late stages of cancer, cachexia or wasting syndrome is common. Alterations in the body’s ability to metabolize and use protein, carbohydrates, and fats are noted. This leads to severe muscle loss with or without fat mass loss. It is a complex process that is not completely understood but may be explained by inflammatory processes, insulin resistance, and increased protein turnover. Cachexia in cancer patients contributes to increased mortality. Thus, adequate nutrition consisting of plant-based foods and regular exercise is beneficial in cancer management.
