Hypothyroidism
Hypothyroidism may contribute to pitting edema in various ways. This can be due to three issues. Increased capillary permeability is caused by fluid leakage from the blood vessels into the tissues. This can be due to several factors, including damage to the endothelial cells that line the blood vessels, abnormalities in the basement membrane surrounding the endothelial cells, or changes in the proteins that control fluid balance.
Decreased adrenergic tone refers to a decrease in the activity of the sympathetic nervous system. This can lead to the dilation of the blood vessels and the pooling of blood in the extremities. Finally, an increase in serotonin metabolism refers to the rise in the breakdown of serotonin.
The treatment for pitting edema will vary depending on its underlying cause. For example, if increased capillary permeability causes fluid to leak into the tissues, treatment may involve medications that reduce inflammation or strengthen the walls of the blood vessels. If the decreased adrenergic tone is causing dilated blood vessels and blood pooling, treatment may involve medications stimulating the sympathetic nervous system. And if the increase in serotonin metabolism is causing an increase in vasodilation, treatment may include medicines that inhibit serotonin production or reuptake.
