Immune Deficiency Disorders
Immune deficiencies are a group of disorders in which one or more immune system components are defective. Causes include genetic disorders, congenital disorders, and acquired disorders. Collectively, these disorders can cause deficiencies in lymphocytes (white blood cells), antibodies, and other immune system components. Depending on the type of immune deficiency, individuals may be more susceptible to infection by viruses, bacteria, fungi, or parasites.
In an immune deficiency disorder, either there are too few T cells (thus resulting in a lack of immunity) or a malfunctioning antibody production system (resulting in an ineffective response to infections). In some cases, it may be both—a deficiency of B and T cells, which results in compromise at both ends of the body’s defensive system.
It is estimated that 1 in 500 people in the United States has an immune deficiency disorder. According to the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), approximately 2 million Americans have an immune system disorder, including AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome).
If a person has an immune system disorder, it can be life-threatening. An impaired immune system is unable to fight off infections and other diseases. Immune disorders can affect anyone but are more common in people with weak or compromised immune systems due to an underlying health condition.
