Renal Disease
Chronic renal disease can cause a decrease in the bicarbonate concentration and, as a result, a decrease in the anion gap. Bicarbonate is a major contributor to the anion gap, and the kidneys tightly regulate its concentration. Therefore, when renal disease causes impairment in the ability of the kidneys to excrete excess acid, there is a build-up of acid in the blood leading to a decrease in bicarbonate concentration and subsequently decreasing the anion gap.
Patients with renal disease who have a low anion gap may be at risk for metabolic acidosis, which is a condition that occurs when there is too much acid in the blood. Metabolic acidosis can lead to severe complications, such as coma and death. Therefore, their healthcare team must closely monitor patients with renal disease and low anion gap.
Chronic renal disease is a severe condition that affects millions of Americans. However, when detected early enough, it can be managed through lifestyle changes like eating a healthy diet and regular exercise. Quitting smoking is also critical for managing renal disease since smoking is one of the leading causes of CKD in the first place.
