Cognitive Impairment
Hepatic encephalopathy is a neurological (nervous system) illness that is often transient and is caused by persistent, liver disease that can also be associated with hepatomegaly. The impairment of brain function causes it due to the accumulation of harmful compounds in the blood.
Substances received into the circulation from the gut are processed, wherein toxins are filtered, and eliminated by the liver. Several toxins, including ammonia, are natural byproducts of protein digestion. Toxins are not destroyed in patients with hepatic encephalopathy because the liver function is compromised. Additionally, some poisons may skip the bodily functions in the liver through aberrant connections between the general circulation and portal venous system (which delivers capillary blood to the liver and spleen). These blood vessels develop due to liver dysfunction and portal hypertension.
Up to fifty percent of patients with liver cirrhosis develop signs of hepatic encephalopathy.
In the first stages, logical reasoning and personality changes are minor. Other symptoms may include cognitive impairment and slowing psychomotor. Because of these, the individual’s disposition may shift, and their judgment may be compromised. Their normal circadian rhythm may be interrupted. Furthermore, they may experience depression, psychosis, irritability, and difficulty focusing. Additionally, a person’s breath may smell unpleasant and musty.
